首页 -> 2008年第3期

语篇思维模式与英语写作教学

作者:韩红梅 王京华 杨馥卿

my sad friend,the girl,holding her thin arms,looking at her pale face and disheveled hair.her trembling voice made my heart break into pieces.Even then,time didn't pass by.No words were good enough for that while.Others and I told her"take care"but how?I don't know.She not only lost her mother,but also lost the whole world!How does she face the exam?Everyone felt worried.
  这段文章虽无重大的语法和结构错误,但作者没有能够完全脱离中文的思维模式,汉语句式痕迹仍十分明显。例如,在描写作者对于朋友丧母的内心感受时,用了几个平行铺排的小句:Even then,time didn't pass by.No words were good enough for that while.Others and I told her"take care"but how?I don't know.这句话语句松散,连接词的缺失现象十分明显,完全是按照汉语的思维习惯构建的。又如,作者在段尾用了“not only...but also”连接词来体现英语语句形式上的衔接,但由于使用不当,破坏了句子的一致性,使英语句式的衔接性特点未真正得到体现,容易给人以语意混乱的印象。修改后的段落如下:
  Then.standing at the doorway,I saw a black and white picture of her mother,smiling her usual gentle and kindly smile.I could not believe that she had died.I rushed to my sad friend.Holding her hand in mine.I looked into her thin,pale face.My heart was fit to break at the sight of her disheveled hair and the sound of her trembling voice.Time seemed to stand still at that moment.In losing her mother, she also lost the whole world.How was she going to face the coming exam?We all felt worried for her.
  教师可以让学生通过不断地阅读优秀作品从中了解英语母语者的思维方式、文化传统习惯、价值观念等,并通过模仿其构思及结构安排,逐步习得英文写作技巧,增强写作意识。除此之外,为帮助学生掌握汉英思维模式的差异,并有意识地排除母语习惯的干扰。教师可以在课堂教学中采用写作专项训练。具体做法如下:(1)语句诊断训练。由于受到母语语言习惯的干扰。中国学生总是倾向于使用一连串的简单句或句式相同的复合句,同时句子中总是出现各种各样的问题,如破碎句、悬垂句、松散句、掉尾句等处处可见。因此,教师可以从分析学生作文中的基本语句失误着手,讲解英语句法的规范。在进行作文讲评的过程中,教师可以学生作文中的主要句子错误分门别类,与学生一起分析并探讨修改的方法,帮助他们培养用英语思维组织句子的习惯。(2)衔接手段训练。在英语语篇中,各种显示语际关系的衔接手段使用频繁,使文章具有极强的逻辑性。这些衔接(cohesion)手段正是构成语篇、实现语篇语义连贯的重要成分。而中国学生由于受汉语思维模式的影响,作文中普遍存在“欠粘着性”的缺陷。针对这一现象,教师可以让学生进行语句及语篇衔接的训练。(3)主题句写作训练。英语语篇属于直线发展的线形结构。一般这样一个语篇图式:主题句——拓展句——结论句。即一般段落的开头先点名主题。然后举出支持性论据进行论证,最后得出结论。而许多中国学生在写作时则不考虑文章的整体结构,因此篇章显得很松散。逻辑性差,“常常缺乏一个明确表述的主题句和明确的结论”。教师可指导学生进行主题句写作训练,引导学生熟悉英语段落乃至篇章写作的写作规范和语篇模式,帮助他们构建英语语篇图式,写出逻辑性强、条理清晰的英语篇章。
  
  (责任编辑 张茂林)

[1]