首页 -> 2008年第2期

析《译写:一种翻译的新尝试》

作者:吴 冰




  译写:有次,诺贝尔发现我们那只被甜妈厌恶的贝灵敦厚毛犬,在甜妈房间里留了点东西——Il a fait la merde sur le tapis,由于地毯图案掩饰了狗的粪便,我们的继母总搞不清为什么房间里充满恶臭。
  参考译文:有一次,诺贝儿说我们家那只甜妈极不喜欢的贝灵敦犬,在甜妈的房间里留下了一点东西——在地毯上制造了一片“大海”——地毯上的花纹掩住了这些新拉的狗便,继母总搞不清为什么每个房间里恶臭难闻,等她发现真相时已为时太晚。
  例3,原文:This was how the group met the stiff and reticent Miss Rong, a name that everyone pronounced “wrong” from start to end.
  译写:旅行团就这样认识了荣小姐,自始至终,每个人都把她的姓读成“wrong”。
  参考译文:旅行团就这样认识了沉默寡言又有些呆板的荣小姐,但大家都一直称呼她“龙”小姐。
  以上三例中,都夹有外来词句,不仅打断读者的思路,更是无视读者的表现。例1中,bris意为circumcise(包皮环切、割礼);例2中的句子为法语,不懂法语的人查一下字典或求教于行家也会懂;以己昏昏怎能使人昭昭?例3中的情形在朱生豪的莎士比亚剧译本中并不少见,足可借鉴。这里无法也无须追求完全对等,只用找一个与“荣”发音相似的字即可达到语用上的对等。
  
  二、大量欧化句式的遗留
  
  例1,原文:When she could no longer decide, she became depressed. Whenever Dwight picked up the baby to take him to his place or to the doctors for a checkup, she felt relief.
  译写:当她越是不能作出决定,她就变得越沮丧。当前夫来接走孩子几天,她便感到释放。
  参考译文:她无法抉择,心情压抑,而前夫马赛一把孩子接走或是送到诊所接受检查,她就会有一种轻松感。
  例2,原文:And before Marlena could lash into him for such a callous remark, he aimed his finger toward the other side of the lobby. 
  译写:柏哈里冷漠的回答,在朱马林几乎要翻脸之前,他指了指大厅的另一头。
  参考译文:不等朱马林指责他对别人漠不关心,他便朝大厅的另一头指了指。
  例3,原文:Rupert with his flexible young knees sat in a hunch-and-crouch pose in imitation of the natives.
  译写:鲁珀特模仿着当地人,用一种背部弓起,身体蜷缩的方式坐着。
  参考译文:鲁珀特年龄小,双膝柔韧,学着当地人的样子,弓背缩身地跪坐着。
  英语重形合,汉语重意合。在英译汉时必然要释形求意,那么英语中数量众多的连词、代词等在汉译时都要省去或作其他转换。同样,英语的被动句较汉语多,汉译时减少被动句的数量势在必行,否则就不符合汉语的习惯。对于这种生搬西洋句式的做法,余光中先生曾有精彩的讽刺,说他们“见when就‘当’,五步一当,十步一当,当当之声,遂不绝于耳”。当然,见了before 就译为“之前”,见了in就译为“在、用”,这些“翻译腔”实为未能摆脱欧式句式羁绊的原因。
  
  三、汉语表达不当
  
  例1,原文:Vala, whose kindhearted face and bejeweled finger had become legend in the market, continued to attract sellers with trinkets calling to her to give them “lucky money”.
  译写:薇拉好心的脸,还有戴着珠宝的手指,成为市场上追逐的目标,卖主们朝她喊着“幸运钱”。
  参考译文:薇拉面容和善,又戴着镶宝石的戒指,成了整个市场的焦点,引得卖首饰的商贩连连向她索要“幸运钱”。
  例2,原文:Her breasts were noticeable, she knew, because she caught Rupert glancing down at them many times.
  译写:她的乳房是显而易见的,因为她看见鲁珀特瞥过它们几眼。
  参考译文:她的乳房很惹眼,她之所以知道是因为她看到鲁珀特曾多次瞥过它们。
  例3,原文:Bennie was afraid his brain would lock on to the repetitive beat and he would have a seizure.
  译写:这样的喧哗使人无法思考,本尼担心他的脑子会因此不能自拔。
  参考译文:本尼担心这些重复不断的鼓乐声会一直充斥着他的脑子,让他突然崩溃掉。
  这类译文,且不管它的翻译是否准确,只看它的汉语就十分怪诞。例1中,脸和手指成为市场的目标;例2中,“显而易见”的乳房;例3中,“不能自拔”的脑子,这令人咂舌的汉语语病难道就是蔡先生说的“我的汉语水平高”?
  
  四、漂亮但不忠实的误译
  
  例1,The subsequent generations of this family grew impoverished by a combination of drought, extortion, and too many gifts to opera girls, all of which led to their losing face and their property.
  译写:因为太监不佳的名声,这个家族便很快家道中落了,荣誉与房产都遗失殆尽。
  参考译文:在接下来的几代中,这个家族便家道中落了:遭遇旱灾,被人勒索,再加上送给优伶的封赏太多,最终资财耗尽,风光不在。
  例2,The boxes, being museum quality, would have increased in worth over the years, and made people remember me “with growing appreciation.”
  译写:九只盒子在博物馆里,随着岁月流逝,其价值会越来越高,人们会记住我“不断增值”。
  参考译文:九只盒子,都足以当作文物收藏在博物馆里,随着岁月流逝,它们的价值还会越来越高,人们也会因而记住我,“越来越欣赏”我。
  例3,One by one, these friends, acquaintances, and strangers from the different times of my shortened life stood by the casket to say farewell, adieu, zaijen. 
  译写:我短暂的一生里,不同阶段的朋友、熟人、陌生人们,一个接一个站在棺材前说“再见”。
  

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