首页 -> 2006年第2期
２００５年高考英语单项填空热点透视
作者：籍万杰 王法强
A.To find out B.Finding out
C.Find outD.Having found out
[分析]本题考查不定式作目的状语,分词作状语通常不表示目的,常表示原因､伴随等情况｡答案为A｡
[应试对策]掌握三种非谓语动词的基本用法及区别,注意非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系,根据其逻辑关系选择表示主动或被动的非谓语动词｡
热点五､考查各种复合句的用法｡常考的复合句有名词性从句､定语从句､状语从句等,主要考查其引导词的选用｡
[考题示例]
1.Mary wrote an article on_______ the team had failed to win the game.(全国卷Ⅰ)
A.whyB.what C.who D.that
[分析]本题考查宾语从句引导词的选用｡选择名词性从句的引导词可采用从句中“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则,效果非常好｡就本题来看,宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语,可排除what和who,根据语境“Mary写了一篇关于那支队伍为什么没能赢得这场比赛的文章”可知,宾语从句中缺少原因状语,如果选择that引导宾语从句,句子也能成立,但是意思只是“Mary就那支队伍没能赢得比赛写了一篇文章”,显然不如选A更符合逻辑｡答案为A｡
2.Do you have any idea_____is actually going on in the classroom?(辽宁卷)
A.that B.what C.as D.which
[分析]本题考查同位语从句引导词的选用｡idea后是解释说明idea内容的同位语从句,句中缺少主语,根据意思,此空应填what｡答案为B｡
3.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,________he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students＇ Union.(重庆卷)
A.during which time B.for which time
C.during whose time D.by that time
[分析]本题考查定语从句关系词的选用｡选择“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,使用哪个介词要将主句中的先行词放到定语从句中,看其与哪个介词搭配｡本题的定语从句根据意思显然是说“在那期间他学习很刻苦,当选为学生会主席”,即“during that time”,因此引导定语从句的关系词为“during which time”｡答案为A｡
4.You must keep on working in the evening_______you are sure you can finish the task in time.(安徽卷)
A.as B. if C.when D.unless
[分析]本题考查状语从句引导词的选用｡根据语境“除非你确信能按时完成任务,否则的话你必须晚上继续加班干｡”可知连词用unless｡答案为D｡
[应试对策]三大从句引导词的选择各有诀窍,名词性从句引导词的选择采用“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则;定语从句关系词的选择需要“看先行词在定语从句中作何成分”,作主语､宾语或定语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词;状语从句引导词的选用主要看句子的意思｡
热点六､考查代词的用法｡主要考查替代词､不定代词的使用｡
[考题示例]
1.We＇ve been looking at houses but haven＇t found______we like yet.(浙江卷)
A.one B.ones C.it D.them
[分析]本题考替代词的选用｡同名同物用it(复数用them),同名异物用one(复数用ones)｡根据语境,我们一直在找房子,可是到现在还没找到我们喜欢的“一所房子”｡答案为A｡
2.We haven＇t enough books for______;some of you will have to share.(全国卷Ⅰ)
A.somebody B.anybody
C.everybody D.nobody
[分析]本题考查不定代词的用法｡本题的第二句话给出了语境,“你们中有些人得合用”,这说明前一句话是说“我们没有足够多的书给每一个人”｡答案为C｡
[应试对策]熟练掌握替代词one/ones, that/those的用法,注意与it的区别;特别留意either, neither, both与all, none等不定代词的区别｡
热点七､考查动词(词组)词义辨析｡主要考查常用动词以及动词词组的搭配｡
[考题示例]
1.Please tell me how the accident_______,I am still in the dark.(江西卷)
A.came by B.came upon
C.came to D.came about
[分析]本题考查come构成的词组的词义辨析｡come by意思是“获得,(从……旁)经过”,come upon意思是“邂逅,突袭”,come to意思是“苏醒,停泊”,come about意思是“发生,出现”｡答案为D｡
2.Modern plastics can_______very high and very low temperatures.(山东卷)
A.stand B.hold C.carry D.support
[分析]本题考查动词词义辨析｡stand有“经得起,经受”的意思,其他动词无此意义｡答案为A｡
[应试对策]熟练掌握常用动词的用法,多涉猎一些英语报刊,学习鲜活的语言,注意一词多义现象,特别注意一些搭配能力强的“万能”动词如come,go,put,break等构成的短语｡
热点八､考查形容词､副词及其比较等级｡主要考查形容词比较级､同级比较时倍数及名词的位置,副词(词组)的意思及用法等｡
[考题示例]
1.Mr Smith owns _______ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.(山东卷)
A.larger B.a larger C.the larger D.a large
[分析]本题考查形容词的比较级｡a (large) collection of有“一批,大量”的意思,由于后面有表示比较的than,因此前面large应使用比较级｡答案为B｡
2.My parents will move back into town in a year or______.(全国卷Ⅰ)
A.later B.after C.so D.about
[分析]本题考查副词词组的使用｡or so是“上下,左右,大概”的意思,如Fifty or so people came to the discussion.大约有50人出席了会议｡He drank three glasses or so of beer.他喝了三杯上下的啤酒｡答案为C｡
[应试对策]捕捉形容词比较级的标志词than,注意暗含比较的情况,同级比较的倍数应在as…as结构外面,名词放在里面｡注意副词(词组)如though,yet,however,or else等的意思和使用特点｡
热点九､考查特殊句式,如强调结构､倒装句､省略句等｡
[考题示例]
1.It wasn＇t until nearly a month later_______I received the manager＇s reply.(全国卷Ⅰ)
A.since B.when C.as D.that
[分析]本题考查强调结构｡强调结构的基本形式是“It is/was…that…”,对not… until句式的强调有固定的结构,即“It was not(wasn＇t) until…that…”｡本题还原为普通的not until句型为I didn＇t receive the manager＇s reply until nearly a month later. 答案为D｡
2.They have a good knowledge of English but little________they know about German.(天津卷)
A.have B.did C.had D.do
[分析]本题考查部分倒装的用法｡当具有否定意义的词(no,not,never,neither,nor,nowhere,hardly,seldom,little,not until,not only,no sooner,by no means,in no case/way,at no time等)位于句首时,要用部分倒装语序｡本题使用的是现在时态,而且have是实义动词,答案为D｡
[应试对策]特殊句式往往有其特定的标志,句子结构非常固定,因此答题时要善于捕捉信息词,然后根据平时的训练做出正确的选择｡
(责任编辑 刘永庆)
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