>>> 2008年第5期
Ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ Ｒｏｏｔｓ ａｎｄ Ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｃｏｎｎｏｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔａｂｏｏｓ ｉｎ Ｕｙｇｈｕｒ
作者：潘帅英
It is tabooed for the Uyghur to relieve oneself towards the sun or the moon, which they think will bring bad luck. This taboo is rooted from the worship of the sun and the moon. In the primitive religion, sun and moon are worshiped. This is also manifested in the architecture of the Uyghur. On the top of the mosque, there is a crescent moon, a typical symbol.
（三）Water, Tree & Fire Worship
It is age-old and direct and natural for the Uyghur to worship the water because all the human beings together with the animals and plants have to depend on water to survive. Water is the source of live and naturally water becomes what the Uyghur worship. Thus it is tabooed torelieve oneself near the aqueduct or in the river or dam and it is also forbidden to spit into the water. It is extremely tabooed to toss the water on the hand away to keep the hand dry after the hands are washed. They think that if the hands are still wet there is still dirty water on it and it will make other things dirty if tossing the water away. In this way, it may irritate the spirit of water and bring bad luck. This is also manifested in the design of the Atles, like the waves of the water. Since the Uyghur mainly locate in vast Xinjiang where there are large areas of deserts. The weather is very dry and windy with sands. Naturally trees have become what they worship, too. It is tabooed to relieve oneself near the fruit trees. Fire is also one of the origin of the world and what the Uyghur worship. It is tabooed to spit into the fire.
（四）Salt & Nan Worship
It is natural for the sun, the moon, water, tree and fire to be worshipped because of their power. But when it comes to the salt or Nan, it may be very rare to be heard. The daily necessities such as the salt and the Nan are regarded as the sacred things to be adored by the Uyghur. The Uyghur think the salt has some kind of supernatural power and is closely related to their daily life. There are several taboos concerning the salt. It is tabooed to pour the slops in any place and the places where it is easy to be trampled on by people in particular, because there is still a little salt in the garbage of rice articles and crumbs in the slops. Due to this taboo, they usually pour the slops into a more remote and fixed place which is called Yaruk in Uyghur. If you encounter the Yaruk when walking, it is tabooed to trample on it and relieve yourself near it. Otherwise, they believe it will bring bad lucks such as festers on the feet or button, being blind or even be tingled by the evil spirits.
As for Nan, what the Uyghur believe is that Nan is their maple food so they think that where there is Nan, there is life. Since they have regard Nan as the sacred thing, there are some taboos concerning Nan. When someone is making Nan, it is absolutely forbidden to count the Nan or stare at it standing nearby. They hold that man’s gaze has a kind of supernatural and mysterious evil power, and if the little child or the beloved things are gazed, the gaze can bring bad lucks. The Nan gazed by people may drop into the dust dash or can not be ripe. It is also forbidden to put the Nan irregularly and even the Nan crumbs are forbidden to be dropped down on the places where people may trample. It is tabooed to trample on the food and waste any food. It is tabooed to pour slops into and to relieve oneself in the places where there are food garbage or the Nan crumbs. Otherwise, they believe it will be punished by the spirits and gods. The Uyghur’s worship for the Nan throw light on their understanding of the relations between the nature and the human and their cherishing of life.