>>> 2008年第5期
Ｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓ Ｒｏｏｔｓ ａｎｄ Ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｃｏｎｎｏｔａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｔａｂｏｏｓ ｉｎ Ｕｙｇｈｕｒ
作者：潘帅英
四、Cultural Influence on Taboos in Uyghur
（一）Peculiar Ecological Environment and Taboos
The ancestors of the Uyghur were nomads and gradually the Uyghur’s economy centers on the agriculture. The cultural materialistic anthropologist Marvin Harris thinks that the main reason for pork taboo was ecological economical. Pigs require water and shade woods with seeds, but these conditions are scare in the residing area of the Uyghur because of the increasing population and the conversion to the agricultural economy from nomads. They cut down woodland for agriculture and destroyed natural forage for pigs and pigs were not useful for plowing, milk or wool. In addition, pigs have to be fed grain thus competing with humans. Thus the food taboo is established because pigs were too costly. The peculiar ecological environment determines which crops and livestock are raised by the Uyghur.
（二）Unique National Features and Taboos
The peculiar ecological environment makes the unique national character of the Uyghur, the hospitable and warmhearted people. It is tabooed for the guests to refuse the food or beverages the Uyghur host or hostess present when visiting a Uyghur family. You are supposed to eat or drink a little to express your appreciation for their hospitability. In Uyghur, the elder are especially respected. It is required to let the elder to go first on the road or into the door and let the elder sit at the seat for distinguished guest and speak fist while talk. It is tabooed to drink, smoke or speak impolite and rude words in the presence of the elder. The model of faith through submission and sacrifice is enshrined in marriage and family. As all people should submit to and obey Allah; so should submit to father, younger males should submit to older males, and all women and children to males. Therefore, there are several taboos related to women. These taboos underlie strong cultural connotation and guide the people with established customs and regulations. In some sense, these taboos related to the etiquette function as a code to standardize the religion, the etiquette, the customs and social morals. The taboos related to the daily behavior have been passed down generation after generation and some taboos have surpassed the religious beliefs as rituals and customs which bind the whole nationality together to keep unity, to sustain stability and develop the national features in Uyghur.
In essence, human beings create culture or their social environment as an adaptation to their physical or biological environment. Certain taboos and values are established, and in various ways people are informed of the accepted behavior for living in that society. The Uyghur, through various taboos, express their understanding on social morals, religious sensation, their emotions for likes and dislikes and their good wishes for life. It is the very taboos that regulate the relationships between human and nature, human and society and the relationship among human beings.