>>> 2008年第5期

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作者：潘帅英

　　【Abstract】Xinjiang is a multiethnic region， of which the population of Uyghur is approximately one half of the whole. This article, focusing on the taboo culture in Uyghur, elaborates on the root causes of the taboos from religious perspectives and anthropological views and their influences upon the solidification and promotion of the Islamic culture in Uyghur.
　　【Key words】taboo, religious roots, cultural connotation, Islamic culture
　　
　　【摘要】新疆是一个多民族聚居地区，其中维族几乎占了整个人口的一半。文章主要侧重维族的禁忌文化，从宗教、人类学的角度分析并阐述了禁忌产生的根源以及禁忌对维族伊斯兰教文化的巩固和发展所施加的影响。
　　【关键词】禁忌；宗教根源；文化寓意；伊斯兰文化
　　
　　Uyghur is one of the main minority nationalities in Xinjiang, mostly residing in Southern part of Xinjiang. The Uyghur has its own language and alphabet, which belongs to the Turkic language, Altai language family. In their language, “Uyghur” means “solidification and union”. The Uyghurs rely heavily on agriculture as their main source of living now although they were nomads ancient before. The Uyghurs are believers of the Islamic faith, which influences family life, marriages, food, finery, customs and taboos.
　　In the following, I attempts, starting from various phenomena of taboos, to analyze the particular root causes of the taboos in Uyghur and its cultural connotation to the whole nationality. Taboo goes through the whole life of the Uyghur and influence the whole nationality subconsciously in a fixed and unchanging way. From the early childhood, what should say and what should not say, what can do and what can not do, the Uyghur can learn these kinds of regulations and customs from family and the community. Some taboos in words and deeds and food can be explained by religious culture while some taboos are related to the cultures acquired by the Uyghur during long periods of frequent contact with other nationalities and its peculiar ecological environment and humanity environment..
　　
　　一、Various Phenomena of Taboos in Uyghur
　　
　　Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that is forbidden.
　　 （一）Food & Beverage Taboo
　　Pork, flesh of donkey and mule are forbidden; Self-dead animals and all kinds of animal blood are forbidden to eat; the livestock and poultry, without slay and patter of the imam, are forbidden to eat; Ferocious beasts and fowls are forbidden to eat; and alcohol and alcoholic beverages are forbidden to drink.
　　 （二）Dress Taboo
　　Short clothing, with one’s breast or back exposed to others, and short pants are tabooed in public places. The outer wear is generally required to be long enough to cover the knee, and the women’s trousers should be long enough to touch the foot; when taking part in outdoor activities, the male must wear caps and women must wear caps or babushka, and it is tabooed to expose all the hair to the outside; too transparent clothes are forbidden to wear.
　　 （三）House and Architecture Taboo
　　The door of a Uyghur house is forbidden to open to the west; the building is tabooed to paint the pictures of pigs or other animals or even human beings.
　　

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