首页 -> 2007年第3期
自然手语习得与有声语言习得之比较及其启示
作者：国 华
4.3 应及早为聋儿提供语言习得的环境
及早对儿童听力障碍进行诊断，并在充分认识到聋儿语言发展的生理特点及其语言习得的特 殊需求之后，我们应该及早为其提供一个充分的自然习得语言的环境，让聋儿及早接触聋人 手语，通过手语来认知世界、表达思维和情感。由于聋儿获得语言习得的最佳环境是聋儿家 庭中自然的语言使用和交流环境，因此健听父母在接受孩子耳聋的现实之后更重要的任务是 要尽快学习聋人手语，在生活接触中学会用手语与聋儿交流，为其尽早提供语言的输入及适 当的语言获得和使用环境。当然也应该让聋儿尽可能早地接触其他成年聋人和聋儿，这可以 使他们尽可能多地接触和学习自然手语并尽可能早地得到对自己身份的认同。这样，聋儿在 及时而充分地掌握手语之后,可以通过手语作为媒介去更好地理解和学习社会的主流语言或 任何其它语言以及他们所要学习的任何内容。
5 结语
总之，聋儿早期的手语语言习得是非常重要而且必要的，这应引起我国手语研究领域和聋教 育领域的充分重视。双语聋教育是一个良好的开端，但我们也应该更加重视聋儿在最具有语 言学习潜力的早期发展阶段对自然手语的习得，应使其先充分掌握自己的母语。我们应该认 识到，只有让聋儿完全拥有他们自己的语言，他们才能够自由自在地通过这一语言去发现世 界，认识自我，并在智力、情感、社会交际等方面得到充分的发展。因此，我们应该尽量让 每一个聋儿都能拥有一个相对自然的手语习得过程，这需要每一位聋儿家长、聋教育工作者 以及语言学家的共同努力。
参考文献
1 George Yule. The study of language (2nd ed.)Beijing:Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press, 2000.202-212
2 Wendy Sandler, Diane Lillo-Martin. Natural Sign Languages. Mark Aronoff & Jan ie Rees-Miller. The Handbook of Linguistics. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching a nd Research Press, 2001.531-562
3 William C. Stokoe. Language in Hand—Why Sign Came Before Speech. WashingtonD.C: Gallaudet University Press. 2001.1-16
4 Karen Nakamura. About American Sign Language, http://www.deaflibrary.org/asl. html,2001-01-19
5 George Yule. The study of language (2nd ed.). Beijing:Foreign Language Teachi ng and Research Press, 2000. 191
6 George Yule. The study of language (2nd ed.). Beijing:Foreign Language Teachi ng and Research Press, 2000.175-186
7 David W. Carroll. Psychology of language (3rd ed.). Beijing:Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press, 2000. 247-279
8 Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman. An Introduction to Language (5th ed.).Fort W orth:Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1993. 393-431
9 David W. Carroll. Psychology of language (3rd ed.). Beijing:Foreign LanguageTeaching and Research Press, 2000.310-317
10 元成玉,姜润周. 手语教育概论. 韩国汉城：韩国聋哑社会信息研究院, 2002 ：190-217
11 张伯源, 任宝崇主编. 残疾人心理及其诊断与训练. 北京：光明日报出版社, 1989.12 4-125
The Comparison between Sign Language Acquisition and
Spoken Language Acquisition and Its Implications
GUO Hua (Foreign Languages Department, Liaoning Normal Univers ity, Dalian, 116029)
AbstractFor those deaf children who are born of deaf paren ts, it is a naturaland easy process for them to acquire sign language from their parents, just likeordinary children acquire spoken language from their ordinary parents. As a lan guage represented by gestures instead of listening and speaking, what are the si milarities and differences between sign language acquisition and spoken languageacquisition? Taking English and ASL as the examples, this thesis compares and d iscusses the acquisition process of spoken language and that of natural sign lan guage. Based on the researches, this article also addresses the importance of pr oviding the necessary natural sign language environment for those early-diagnose d deaf children in hearing-impaired families in order to help them fully developtheir language and cognitive abilities as early as possible.
Key wordsnatural sign language spoken language acquis ition sign language acquisition
(责任编校：叶立言)